<p>Greensville County Training School, also known as the Greensville County Learning Center, is a historic Rosenwald school building located at Emporia, Virginia. It was built in 1929, and is a single story, "U"-shaped brick building. It consists of a front hyphen that connects two wings containing classrooms, while an auditorium, office space, and a library form the interior central space. A classroom addition was constructed in 1934. It was constructed for the education of African-American students, and closed in the 1960s following desegregation of the public schools.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Possible future</h2><br>
<p>After desegregation and the building of the new Greensville County Elementary School in the County, the School Board used the Rosenwald building for storage and the new wing for offices. The Rosenwald portion of the complex fell into disrepair and has since been deeded to a community based preservation group. The condition of the building was so dire that the group undertook selective demolition to save as much of the building as possible.</p><br>
<p>Belfield–Emporia Historic District, also known as North Emporia, is a national historic district located at Emporia, Virginia. The district includes 41 contributing buildings in the Belfield section of Emporia. In 1887, the neighboring towns of Hicksford and Belfield merged to form the town of Emporia. The district generally consists of late-19th- to early-20th-century brick buildings laid out in a "T"-shape at the intersection of Halifax and Baker Streets. Notable buildings include the Hotel Virginia, the Bethlehem Building or former First National Bank of Emporia , Petersburg and Danville Railroad passenger station, and Pair’s Furniture . Located in the district is the separately listed H. T. Klugel Architectural Sheet Metal Work Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Hicksford–Emporia Historic District, also known as Emporia, is a national historic district located at Emporia, Virginia. The district includes 36 contributing buildings and 2 contributing objects in the Hicksford section of Emporia. In 1887, the</p><br>
<p>neighboring towns of Hicksford and Belfield merged to form the town of Emporia. The district generally consists of late 19th century or early 20th</p><br>
<p>century, when Hicksford–Emporia began to evolve from a small agricultural outpost to a large commercial and governmental center. Located at the heart of the district is the separately listed Greensville County Courthouse Complex. Other notable buildings include the Citizen’s National Bank (c. 1910), the Widow’s Son’s Masonic Lodge (1905), First Presbyterian Church (1907-1908), Emporia Elementary School (1907, 1925), Emporia Armory (mid-1930s), Greensville County Auditorium (1934), and Emporia Post Office (1938). The Old Merchants and Farmers Bank Building is also separately listed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The New River is a drainage system in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. near Crowland it flows very roughly eastwards, following the general line of the River Welland but a little to the south. It skirts the settlements of Crowland and Cowbit before flowing into the Welland at near Little London.</p><br>
<p>The land enclosed between the Welland and the New River is referred to as Washland, and being the principal areas. Washland was designed to be sacrificially flooded as a relief of high river levels. The current land usage, and the rights of the drainage authorities to flood it can be traced back at least to an act of parliament of George III, and amended in 1847. The arrangement is not theoretical. Cowbit Wash was flooded annually to protect Spalding until the creation of the Coronation Channel allowed excess water to bypass the town. Even now the option to overspill onto the Wash is available.</p><br>
<p>Although it is customary to say the washes lie between the Welland and the New River, it is more accurate to say that there is an extra bank to the Welland to the south of the New River. It is this bank that restrains the spreading floodwaters: the New River lies in the bottom of this basin to remove the waters. This earthen bank can be seen on the left of the Cloot House photograph above. The availability of a suitable geological feature on which to build this bank determined the shape of the washes, and its location can be traced back through antiquity. To quote Wheeler:</p><br>
<p>The right bank of the Welland between Crowland and Spalding is placed at a distance from the channel of the river varying from a quarter to half a mile leaving an area of about 2500 acres which is covered with water whenever the Welland is in flood. The depth of water in this land in high floods is as much as 5 feet. Originally, no doubt, the land by the side of the Wellland was little better than a Morass, and the banks were placed on the nearest firm ground.</p><br>
<p>Red deer antler head-dresses  were modified red deer skulls, including the antlers that may have been used as a head-dress. They are often believed to be the oldest traces of shamanic and religious behaviour.Street, M. 1991. Bedburg-Königshoven: A Pre-Boreal Mesolithic site in the Lower Rhineland,</p><br>
<p>Germany. In: N Barton, A J Roberts and D ARoe (eds.). The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: Human adaptation and</p><br>
<p>environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. CBA Research Report 77. 1991. Two of the small number of head-dresses currently known were discovered during archaeological excavations at the Mesolithic site of Bedburg-Königshoven (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany).</p><br>
<h2>Location and history of research</h2><br>
<p>The Mesolithic site of Bedburg-Königshoven was located in the vicinity of the former village of Morken, some 5,6 km southwest of Grevenbroich and 21 km southeast of Mönchengladbach in western Germany. Morken was destroyed during the course of lignite mining between the 1960s and 1970s.</p><br>
<p>During the Preboreal a Mesolithic archaeological site was located directly on the shore of a “dead arm” the Erft river. The centre of the archaeological site was destroyed by a mechanical digger during mining before archaeologists began their work in 1987. Thus, only 370m² of the shallow water area were excavated and analysed by archaeologists of MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre. The site was initially discovered by members of a survey team of the Geographical Institute of the University of Düsseldorf, who had encountered animal bones dating to the last ice age.</p><br>
<p>As part of an archaeological follow-up survey, archaeologists from MONREPOS discovered the skull of a red deer with obvious traces of human modification. This find and the generally good state of preservation at the site led to further excavations.</p><br>
<p>In addition to Early Mesolithic stone tools and two red deer head-dresses, well-preserved bones of red deer, roe deer, aurochs, dogs and different species of birds and fish were also found in what is described as a discard area. During the Mesolithic these items had been discarded as refuse into the shallow water. Analysis of the faunal remains and the nutrition of the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers by Martin Street of MONREPOS resulted in new insights into human behaviour at the beginning of the current warm stage, the Holocene.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the antler caps</h2><br>
<p>Each specimen belongs to the cranium of a red deer that includes parts of the nasal, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bone. Cap 1 is that of a royal stag, whilst cap 2 is that of an imperial stag. Both head-dresses show two lateral perforations, 1–2 cm in diameter.</p><br>
<h2>Comparison with other finds</h2><br>
<p>There are not more than a handful of sites with related findings. Antler caps are also known from the Early Mesolithic sites of Hohen Viecheln, Star Carr, Berlin-Biesdorf and Plau. Most of the antler caps from these sites were treated in a different manner. Existing perforations are located on the parietal bone (Hohen Viecheln, Star Carr). In most cases the antlers were shortened (Hohen Viecheln, Plau, Star Carr), thinned (Berlin-Biesdorf, Hohen Viecheln, Plau, Star Carr) or gouged (Berlin-Biesdorf, Star Carr), thus keeping their “antler-look” whilst losing much of their weight.</p><br>
<h2>Age determination</h2><br>
<p>The caps from Bedburg-Königshoven were found in fluviatile sediments, which, based on palynological evidence, are thought to date into the Preboreal. This assumption is further supporter by the lithic typology occurring at the site, the faunal composition and two radiocarbon charcoal samples (KN-3998, KN3999) which place the archaeological horizon into a window of 9780±100 and 9600±100 BP radiocarbon years.</p><br>
<h2>Interpretation and implications</h2><br>
<p>A common interpretation of the head-dresses is that they were used as a disguise during the hunt or as part of the shamanic garb. Both interpretations where posited by the excavator of the first so-called head-dresses, Sir Grahame Clark. Clark posited that because the antlers were "lightened" and because bony inequalities and protuberances were removed or smoothed, it was more likely that they had been worn as a head dress, rather than serving as stationary items.</p><br>
<p>Up to the present day, antler caps as a find category lack well-founded analysis. The scholarly discussion has not developed beyond a debate about ethnological and ethnographical comparisons. The immediate result of the lack of research is that the implications of modified head-dresses can only be discussed in theoretical approaches.</p><br>
<p>Since the appearance of modern humans in Europe approximately 40,000 years ago, hybrid creations, half human – half animal, and the increasing importance of red deer antlers as signs show the special meaning of metamorphosed head-dresses for the hunter-gatherers throughout the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. Exemplary for this is the Lion Man of the Hohlenstein-Stadel (Germany) and the “sorcerer” on a wall in the Cave of the Trois-Frères (France). Another sign for a religious interpretation of the find category is the drawing of a Siberian shaman wearing a red deer antler head-dress, which was painted on account of Nicolaes Witsen’s travel to Siberia during the late 17th century.</p><br>
<p>On-going research about the red deer antler head-dresses from Bedburg-Königshoven is currently proceeding at MONREPOS. Analyses are focusing on the functional background, modificatios and use-wear, thus providing new approaches for the interpretation of hunter-gatherer antler head-dresses and more importantly the social regulations and conventions of hunter-gatherer societies.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Clark, J. G. D. Excavations at Star Carr. An early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, Yorkshire. Cambridge 1954.</p><br>
<p>Street, M. 1989. Jäger und Schamanen. Bedburg-Königshoven: ein Wohnplatz am Niederrhein vor 10000 Jahren. Mainz.</p><br>
<p>Street, M. 1991. Bedburg-Königshoven: A Pre-Boreal Mesolithic site in the Lower Rhineland, Germany. In: N Barton, A J Roberts and D ARoe (eds.). The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: Human adaptation and environmental change at the end of the Pleistocene. CBA Research Report 77. 1991.</p><br>
<p>Street, M. 1999. Remains of aurochs (Bos primigenius) from the early Mesolithic site Bedburg-Königshoven (Rhineland, Germany). Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Neandertal Museums(1): pp173–194. Proceedings of the First Neanderthal Conference, Mettmann 25.-26. October, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Behling, H and Street, M. 1999. Palaeoecological studies at the Mesolithic site at Bedburg-Königshoven near Cologne, Germany. Veget Hist Archaeobot (8): 273-285.</p><br>
<p>Conneller, C. 2004. Becoming deer: corporeal transformations at Star Carr. Archaeological Dialogues (11): 37–56.</p><br>
<p>Gaudzinski-Windheuser, S. and Jöris, O. 2006. 600.000 Jahre Menschheitsgeschichte. Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung im Museum für die Archäologie des Eiszeitalters, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied. Mainz. pp: 68–71.</p><br>
<p>The John A. Brashear House and Factory in the Perry South neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was built in 1886. Former home of astronomer John Brashear , the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 2012.</p><br>
<p>The site consists of a Second Empire style house (1886) and a two story 105’ x 38’ brick factory building (1886). A small brick wash house was added around 1900. The site was Brashear’s primary residence in the latter part of this life. His Brashear Company factory manufactured optical instruments for science and industry. The company continued to operate from the factory after his death in 1920, at one point making components for the World War II era Norden bombsight. The company moved out of the factory around 1954.</p><br>
<p>The factory was demolished by Pittsburgh on March 17, 2015, after one of the factory&#39;s walls had partially collapsed onto an adjacent apartment building the night before. The factory had been owned by the city since 2012, but it was unable to allocate funds to correct structural and roof deficiencies. The demolition contract was valued at $235,000.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sungay, also known as Mount Gonzales, is a mountain in the province of Cavite in the Philippines. Located in eastern Tagaytay, the inactive stratovolcano is the highest point of the province of Cavite at 709 m. The slopes of the mountain is the source of the San Cristobal River that flows from the mountain to Silang, Cavite down to its mouth at Laguna de Bay in Calamba, Laguna.</p><br>
<p>The mountain&#39;s former sharp peak and readily distinguishable shape made it a reliable landmark for bearing checks when sailing in and around Manila Bay during the early days of navigation.</p><br>
<h2>Tagaytay Ridge</h2><br>
<p>Mount Sungay is the eastern end of the Tagaytay Range, or more commonly known as the Tagaytay Ridge, a 32 km ridge located at the southern part of the province with elevations averaging about 600 m above sea level. The ridge stretches west-southwest from Mount Sungay to Mount Batulao in Batangas province.</p><br>
<p>The ridge, which overlooks Taal Lake in Batangas province, is actually the northern rim of Taal Caldera. The 25 x wide cavity of the ancient volcano is partially filled by Taal Lake with Taal Volcano, the second most active volcano in the country, situated near the middle of the lake. The northern slope of the ridge is gently rolling down slope till it reaches the sea level at Manila Bay, in contrast to the rapid drop in its southern slopes and east of Mount Sungay. At some places on the lakeside appear great escarpments of 20 m and more of altitude, that are almost vertical, as at Mahabangato, in Brgy. Banga, and at Balitbiring, in Brgy. Caloocan in Talisay, Batangas.</p><br>
<p>Tagaytay Ridge is part of the upland mountainous area of the province of Cavite, which include the communities of Magallanes, Amadeo, Tagaytay, Mendez, Alfonso, southern part of Maragondon and Carmona. The municipalities are situated at elevations above 400 m with slopes of more than 2%.</p><br>
<h2>Destruction</h2><br>
<p>The mountain peak was previously much higher with an elevation of 752 m, Its former profile, "a sharp peak at the eastern end of a table of land (Tagaytay Ridge)", was one of the visible landmarks used by early navigators when sailing to and around Manila Bay. It was conical in shape with steep sides deemed "inaccessible", topped by distinct rock formations that resembled horns, (Tagalog: sungay), hence the name.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sungay was destroyed with the 1979 construction of First Lady Imelda Marcoss Palace in the Sky, a mansion originally intended as a guesthouse for former California Governor Ronald Reagan (who never arrived). This drastically changed the landscape of the Cavite highland, as the mountain was leveled to about half of its former prominence to accommodate the structure. The mansion remained unfinished after the People Power Revolution in 1986 that toppled the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos. The new government renamed it the Peoples Park in the Sky, to show the excesses of the ousted regime.</p><br>
<h2>People's Park in the Sky</h2><br>
<p>The People&#39;s Park in the Sky, in now poised at the top of Mount Sungay, the highest point of the Province of Cavite. The park stands on a 4,516 m&sup2; of solid ground and provides a 360-degree view of Cavite and the bordering provinces of Batangas and Laguna, to as far as Manila with a straight-line distance of about 50 km. It overlooks four bodies of water – Taal Lake, Balayan Bay, Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay. Nearby mountains visible from Mount Sungay include Mount Makiling in Laguna/Batangas border; Mount Malepunyo and Mount Macolod in Batangas; and Mount Banahaw in Quezon.</p><br>
<p>Mount Sungay is located at Barangays Dapdap West and Dapdap East in Tagaytay, approximately 8 km east from the Tagaytay City Circle. A narrow road takes visitors near the top to the parking lot and entrance of the park. The mansion can be reached by a 300 m hike or by a jeepney.</p><br>
<p>The Glen Ellyn Downtown North Historic District is a historic business district in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, United States. It is found on Main Street between Crescent Boulevard & Pennsylvania Avenue, the north side of Crescent between Main & Forest Avenue and the south side of Pennsylvania between Main and Glenwood Avenue. There are thirty-four buildings in the district, twenty-eight of which contribute to its historical fabric.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glen Ellyn, Illinois was first settled in the 1830s. The first commercial establishment was Stacy&#39;s Tavern, built to serve stagecoach travelers. In 1849, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad opened a station one mile south of the tavern on land owned by Dr. Lewey Quitterfield Newton. The railroad did not originally intend to build a station at the then-uninhabited area, but Newton was able to convince the company to run trains to the area if he raised the funds for the station. David Kelley, who named the station (and thus the ensuing settlement) Danby after his birth town in Vermont, built the Mansion House Hotel at the corner of Main Street and Crescent Boulevard in 1851, the first commercial development in the district. The Town of Danby was platted in 1855 by Newton.</p><br>
<p>Commercial activity was initially limited to the north side of the tracks. The village changed its name to Prospect Park in 1874 and to Glen Ellyn in 1891. The latter name change was prompted by the development of the Glen Ellyn Hotel & Springs Company, a resort overlooking the nearby lake. Although the resort was not a financial success by the time it was destroyed in a 1906 fire, it helped develop Glen Ellyn&#39;s reputation as an idyllic suburb and encouraged growth to its town center. In November 1891, a fire destroyed most of the buildings on the west side of Main Street between Crescent Boulevard and Pennsylvania Avenue. In the first two decades of the 20th century, the city invested in public improvements such as paved roads to attract business. As suburban living gained in popularity in the 1920s, Glen Ellyn became one of the most popular destinations for former Chicago residents.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The following twenty-eight buildings contribute the historic district. There are two dominant architectural styles: eight buildings are in the Chicago school style and six are in the Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>504 Crescent Boulevard, 1925, one-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>515 Crescent Boulevard, 1961, one-part commercial block in the Colonial Revival style. Designed by Perkins & Norris</p><br>
<p>Glen Ellyn State Bank, 1926-1929, arcaded block in the Classical Revival style</p><br>
<p>528 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1925, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered in 1986.</p><br>
<p>530 Crescent Boulevard, 1924, automobile showroom in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>532-534 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1915, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school and Streamline Moderne style. Altered in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>536 Crescent Boulevard, 1926, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered to an automobile showroom and garage in 1926 by Louis R. Christie.</p><br>
<p>Glen Theatre, 1926, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Betts & Holcomb.</p><br>
<p>544-546 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1910, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>548 Crescent Boulevard, c. 1900, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>550 Crescent Boulevard, 1925, one-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Walker & Angell.</p><br>
<p>474-482 Forest Avenue, 1925-1926, garage in the Tudor Revival style. Designed by Walker & Angell.</p><br>
<p>474-476 North Main Street, c. 1910, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1930.</p><br>
<p>475 North Main Street, 1892, two-part commercial block. Storefront altered in 1935.</p><br>
<p>McChesney Foods store, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered in 1935.</p><br>
<p>479 North Main Street, c. 1920, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>480 North Main Street, c. 1900, two-part commercial block. Altered in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>480a North Main Street, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1930</p><br>
<p>481-483 North Main Street, 1914, two-part commercial block in the Tudor Revival style. Altered first in 1932 by Walker & Angell and again in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>Frederick G. Walker Block, 1892, two-part commercial block in the Renaissance Revival style. Designed by Frederick G. Walker. Altered in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>485 North Main Street, 1955, one-part commercial block. Designed by Emil Larson.</p><br>
<p>486 North Main Street, c. 1900, one-part commercial block. Altered in 1959.</p><br>
<p>George M. H. Wagner Building, 1896, two-part commercial block in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>491-499 North Main Street, c. 1925, two-part commercial block in the Chicago school style. Altered c. 1935.</p><br>
<p>492-496 North Main Street, c. 1910, one-part commercial block. Altered c. 1945.</p><br>
<p>497 Pennsylvania Avenue, c. 1920, one-part commercial block</p><br>
<p>499 Pennsylvania Avenue, 1915, garage</p><br>
<p>505-507 Pennsylvania Avenue, c. 1920, one-part commercial block in the Chicago school style</p><br>
<p>The Deerpath Inn is a historic hotel located at 255 E. Illinois Road in Lake Forest, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel, the oldest in Lake Forest which is still in operation, was established in 1894 in a residence for Col. William Sage Johnston. Shortly afterward, the house was moved one block to the north to make way for the Gorton School. It came under ownership of Kate Lancaster Brewer, who first operated it as a hotel and gave it its present name. A new building was completed in 1903 at the corner of Deerpath and McKinley Roads, since demolished. Its current building was constructed in 1928&ndash;29 by then-owner Edwin Burgess on Illinois Avenue. Architect William C. Jones designed the hotel in the Tudor Revival style; his plan was inspired by a 15th-century manor house in Chiddingstone, England. A fire in 1938 damaged the building and required extensive repairs to the third story; the renovation work was conducted by architects Anderson and Ticknor.</p><br>
<p>The hotel functioned as an apartment hotel and served as a permanent home for many wealthy Lake Forest residents, particularly older ones who were unable to maintain private homes. The hotel&#39;s single front door and interior spaces were designed to resemble a large home or club rather than a multi-resident complex, separating it from many other apartment hotels of the era. While apartment hotels were common in Chicago and Evanston, the Deerpath Inn was the only apartment hotel of its type in the other communities of the North Shore. The hotel still operates as a resort and wedding venue.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Mineola Hotel is a historic hotel located at 91 North Cora Street in Fox Lake, Illinois. The hotel is located on the western shore of Fox Lake, one of the lakes which forms the Chain O&#39;Lakes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Parker purchased a tract of land along Fox Lake on behalf of the Union League Club of Chicago. The club intended to develop the property as a recreational retreat for its members and built a small clubhouse on the site. The Mineola Club of Chicago constructed the northern half of the hotel in 1888 as a clubhouse; the building became a hotel in 1891. Christen Knowles, Robert McNeil, and Charles OBoyle were tasked with this sections construction. Al Capone purportedly visited the hotel occasionally as a weekend retreat.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing to the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The frame building features a three-story square tower above its front entrance, hipped dormers on each side of the tower, and a two tier verandah with Stick style ornamentation encircling three of its sides. It is the largest surviving frame building in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The Abbey River  is a distributary arm of the River Shannon that flows around the northeastern, eastern, and southern shores of Kings Island, Limerick before rejoining the Shannon at Hellsgate Island. Hellsgate Island is only visible at low tide. It is bridged by the Abbey Bridge, Baals Bridge, the Canal Bridge, Matthew Bridge, ODwyer Bridge, and the Sylvester O&#39;Halloran Footbridge.</p><br>
<p>Kings Islands encirclement by the Shannon and Abbey rivers made it a very defensible location, leading to the founding of Limerick as a Viking settlement in the ninth century. The Abbey River has played a defensive role throughout the city&#39;s history, not least during the Cromwellian siege of 1650-51, and the Williamite siege of 1691.</p><br>
<p>The Fletcher Free Library is the public library serving Burlington, Vermont. It is located at 253 College Avenue, in an architecturally distinguished Beaux Arts building, constructed in 1902 with funding support from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Fletcher Free Library was established in 1873, endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher, the daughter of a local businessman. It outgrew its initial building on Church Street by 1901. A new building was constructed in 1901-04 with funds provided by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, making it the first of the four Carnegie libraries in the state. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Walter R. B. Willcox of Burlington, who won a competition to receive the commission.</p><br>
<p>The building had major settling problems in 1973 where it had been built over a filled-in ravine, and the librarys collection was moved elsewhere. The possible razing of the building was stopped by a citizens committee, which successfully had it added to the National Register of Historic Places, and a grant allowed the stabilization and repair of the building. A new modern addition was completed in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The largest public library in Vermont, the Fletcher Free Library had a budget of over $1 million in 2002. It circulated more books, had more visitors, and had more computers, than any other library in Vermont. In addition to its primary services as Burlingtons public library, it is also a community center, a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area, and the citys only free public access computer center.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The library is located just east of downtown Burlington, at the southeast corner of College Street and South Winooski Avenue. The Carnegie building is a tall single-story structure, built of brick with terra cotta trim and resting on a granite foundation. Its central bay projects, providing the building&#39;s original entrance beneath a gabled roof, while a larger hip-roof section projects to the rear. It has rusticated brick corner pilasters and an elaborately detailed Corinthian cornice. To the left, the modern three-story addition is attached to the rear left of the original building, and now provides the main entrance via a walkway between the two sections.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Historic District is a national historic district located at Franklin, Virginia. The district includes 226 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the city of Franklin. It includes residential and commercial buildings that were primarily built during the late 19th- and early 20th-century. Notable resources include the Poplar Springs Cemetery, Camp Family Homestead , the former W.T. Pace Hardware Store, former USA Post Office , Franklin Professional Building , Lyons State Theatre , Pretlow Peanut Company Warehouses, High Street Methodist Church , Emmanuel Episcopal / Grace Lutheran Church, and Franklin Elementary School . Located in the district is the separately listed The Elms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, with a boundary increase in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Tivadar and Dorothy Balogh House is a private house located at 49800 Joy Road in Plymouth Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tivadar Balogh was born in Detroit in 1926. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and afterward attended the University of Michigan on a track scholarship. Balogh graduated in 1952 with a degree in architecture; during and after his college career he worked for a string of architectural firms in the area, including Earl Confer; O&#39;Dell, Hewlett & Luckenbach; Robert Metcalf; Shreve, Walker & Associates; and W. B. Ford Design Associates. With the onset of the Korean War, Balogh returned to the Navy for another tour.</p><br>
<p>After returning to Michigan, Balogh married school teacher Dorothy Bleimeister and began working in Ann Arbor. In 1954, he joined the office of Robert C. Metcalf, where he worked until 1960. In 1958, Balogh purchased the three-acre wooded lot which this house sits on, and designed this house for himself, his wife, Dorothy and their family. The house was constructed in 1958-59. The cost of construction was approximately $32,000, although the Baloghs saved some costs by performing a lot of work themselves.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, Balogh began his own architectural practice, where he designed approximately 150 residential, institutional and commercial structures in Michigan, Illinois, and Arizona. Balogh also taught at the University of Michigan&#39;s College of Architecture and served on various local planning commissions. He retired in 1997 and died in 2006. Dorothy Balogh still resides in the house.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Balogh House is set back from the road on a heavily wooded lot along a dirt road. The house is a two-story cubic structure, roughly square in plan, and clad in redwood siding. The house sits on a partial basement on one side and support posts on the other side. The section beneath the house was originally open, and used for parking; the space beneath gives the house an impressive "lightness" and makes it appear to hover above the landscape. The dramaticness of the house has been reduced due to the infilling of the underneath to create a new room.</p><br>
<p>The house is entered by a simple cantilevered stairway that ends in an open section of the house&#39;s volume. The interior contains 1,600 ft&sup2; of living space spread ofer three levels (including an unfinished besement and office space at grade level). The first floor contains a kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, and a two-story living room, along with an open stair in the center of the building. The second floor contains two bedrooms and a bathroom. Interior walls are primarily covered with Douglas fir boards.</p><br>
<p>The William and Margot Kessler House is a private house located at 1013 Cadieux Road in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Kessler was born in 1924 in Reading, Pennsylvania. After working there for some time, Kessler and fellow architect Phil Meathe departed to form their own firm, Meathe, Kessler and Associates. In 1959, Kessler designed this house for himself, his wife Margot, and his family; he constructed it for a total cost of $30,000.</p><br>
<p>Meathe, Kessler and Associates was dissolved in 1968, and Kessler established his own eponymous firm, while Meathe joined Smith, Hinchman and Grylls, eventually becoming president of the firm. Kessler&#39;s firm worked on a variety of single family houses, public housing, college and university buildings, and hospitals. William Kessler died in 2002; his widow Margot remained living in this house until her own death in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Kessler House is located on a residential street amid traditional Tudor and Colonial Revival houses, and across the street from Beaumont Hospital. It is a single-story, square plan structure with a light steel frame measuring 39 ft by 42 ft. The most dramatic features of the house are the saw-tooth roof and the textured brick privacy fence that creates an enclosed garden along the front of the house.</p><br>
<p>The entrance to the house is located under a flat roof between the house and the adjacent storage room/carport. The front and rear elevations of the house are divided into three bays, corresponding to the "teeth" in the roof form, and are entirely glazed from floor to ceiling. The end walls are brick, and contain only the entry door on one side and a single window on the other.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house contains 1,700 ft&sup2; of living space, including three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen, a living room, a dining room and a family room. The basement space below remains unfinished. The walls of the main living space are plaster, while the ceiling is covered with cedar planks. The cedar ceiling follows the contour of the roof, and the planks extend beyond the walls to form the exterior soffits.</p><br>
<p>The Jølstra is a river in the municipalities of Jølster and Førde in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway.</p><br>
<p>The 22 km long river flows from the lake of Jølstravatnet (at an elevation of 207 m above sea level) down to the Førdefjorden (which is at sea level). The river begins at the village of Vassenden, on the shores of the lake, it then goes past the village of Langhaugane, then past the Moskog area of Førde, past the village of Bruland, and it finally flows to its mouth at the town of Førde, on the shores of the fjord. There are four hydroelectric power stations in the river. The average rate of flow in Jølstra is given as 43.9 m3/s, measured at Høgset over the period from 1993 to 2011. The highest recorded flow rate during this period was 256 m3/s, while the lowest recorded flow rate was 1.2 m3/s.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>The lower sections of the Jølstra are rich in salmon and sea trout. Although the salmon species have been protected by law since 1992, the authorities open the river for fishing for a brief period every year. The fishing window usually begins in mid-July of each year and lasts until the end of August. There are also natural barriers to fishing on the Jølstra. The river is a fast flowing one, so fishing is not safe or suitable everywhere. One of the best fishing areas on the river is where the waters from the lake Jølstravatnet flow out into it.</p><br>
<p>The Cadillac Carnegie Public Library, now the Wexford County Historical Society Museum, was constructed as a Carnegie Library located at 127 Beech Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, the Andrew Carnegie Foundation agreed to donate $15,000 toward the cost of a new library in Cadillac, subject to the community raising matching funds. The Cadillac Literary Society matched the funds, and in 1904 Scheurmann & Merriam Architects of Saginaw, Michigan were selected to design the building, and Freuchtel Construction Company was selected to be the building contractor. The library was completed in 1906 at a cost of $30,000. The building served as a public library until 1969.</p><br>
<p>After that time, it was used by the Cadillac Police Department until 1977, after which it was considered for demolition. The city accepted the Wexford County Historical Society&#39;s proposal to use the building as a museum, and it became the Wexford County Historical Society Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cadillac Public Library is a single story polygonal Classical Revival brick building sitting on a raised stone foundation. It has a shallow-pitched hip roof with a low-pitched dome. The entryway in through a simple door flanked by Ionic columns and surmounted with a semi-circular window.</p><br>
<p>The Backusburg Mounds  are an archaeological site in the Jackson Purchase region of the USA state of Kentucky. Located near the tiny community of Backusburg in northwestern Calloway County, the mounds are one of the region&#39;s premier archaeological sites. Since at least the early years of the twentieth century, the mounds have been well known locally, due partially to their large size; the largest mound measures 150 x at the base. Located on a ridgeline above a fork of the Clarks River, the mound bears a peculiar shape; its size and shape have caused observers to suggest that it might actually be the remnants of a series of smaller mounds placed next to each other. As late as the 1930s, this largest mound had never been plowed; it lay in dense woodland, and among the trees growing upon it were some of considerable size. Nevertheless, the mound has not been preserved entirely without damage; various parts of the mound have been dug into at various times and have yielded numerous artifacts. Such findings are not unprecedented in the area; a field close to Backusburg has long produced skeletons, projectile points, and pottery when plowed, leading to its identification as a former village site.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists first learned of the site in the 1920s, but only one scholarly investigation was conducted at the site during the twentieth century; it was performed largely by a team of students from the nearby Murray State University under the leadership of archaeologist Kenneth Carstens in 1981. Although Murray State only had one days access to the site, the team was able to produce maps of the site that enabled its boundaries to be determined accurately, and the materials they collected from the surface enabled Carstens to study the sites cultural affiliation; it has since been determined to be a work of a Mississippian people. Four years later, the mound complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under its Smithsonian trinomial designation of 15-CW-64; it is Calloway Countys only National Register-listed archaeological site and one of thirteen in the Jackson Purchase with this designation. Additional work was finally conducted at Backusburg in mid-2013, as another team of Murray State archaeology students was assigned to document the site more carefully for their field school. At the same, the property was in the middle of being bought by The Archaeological Conservancy, an organization whose raison dêtre is purchasing archaeological sites in order to preserve them.</p><br>
<p>Mound Hill  and 20 ft  by an 1884 survey, which pronounced it a "romantic sight" due to its hilltop location between Stoner Creek and Pretty Run. The surveyors suggested that its linear shape with a central depression might have been the result of erosion or of the construction of multiple mounds that were later merged into one. It lies approximately 0.5 mi west of the rest of the group, which occupies the summit of a narrow ridgeline known as the "Devil&#39;s Backbone." Digging at these mounds, which were seemingly related to Mound Hill, produced artifacts such as pottery and a pipe, as well as numerous stone box graves.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, Mound Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. One of several Clark County archaeological sites on the Register, it was deemed to encompass an area of 18 acre for preservation purposes. It is believed to have been built by peoples of the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>The Lunenburgh River is a perennial river in the South West region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The river rises in the Darling Range near the abandoned timber mill town of Worsley, then flows north-west discharging into the Brunswick River at Beela. The rivers catchment of 56.3 km&sup2; receives a mean annual rainfall of 1,004 mm with mean annual runoff of 206 mm. Vegetation is 100% jarrah-marri forest (severely affected by dieback disease), of which 15% is cleared. Land use is part state forest reserve, part private timber leases, with a few small mixed farms. The Lunenburghs two tributaries are the Otho and the Sophia.</p><br>
<p>The river was named in March 1830 by Lieutenant-Governor James Stirling after Prince Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg and King of Hanover, the fifth son and eighth child of George III. Over a period of 5 days in December 1813, while in command of H. M. Sloop Brazen, Captain Stirling had taken the Duke and his entourage to Wijk aan Zee in Holland.</p><br>
<p>In the period since 1813, Prince Ernest Augustus had greatly increased in importance. In 1813 he was fifth in line to the throne. Upon William IVs succession as King in June 1830, he was second in line to the throne after Princess Alexandrina Victoria of Kent. Following exploration of the Brunswick River and its tributaries by boat, Stirling named a number for Prince Ernest Augustus: the Brunswick; the Ernest; the Augustus; the Frederic (after his wife Frederica); the Otho (after Otho I, the first Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg); and the Sophia and the Matilda (after Prince Ernests sister Princess Sophia Matilda).</p><br>
<p>Cima Tosa is a mountain in the Brenta group , a subgroup of the Rhaetian Alps in the Italian Region of Trentino-Alto Adige, with a reported height of 3,173 m. With this elevation, the prominence of Cima Tosa would amount up to 1,521 meters above the reference point at Passo Carlo Magno near Madonna di Campiglio at 1,652 meters. Cima Tosa therefore qualifies as one of Europe&#39;s ultra prominent peaks. The mountain rises above Val Rendena with its 800 m vertical north face with a steep couloir called Canalone della Tosa dividing it from its ante-peak, Crozzon di Brenta. The summit is topped by a snow cupola above the rock face, almost like a shaven head, hence the name Cima Tosa . The south-eastern side descends in a series of snowy terraces and vertical rock pillars.</p><br>
<h2>Height and prominence</h2><br>
<p>Cima Tosas reported elevation is 3,173 m. With this elevation, it is the Brenta Groups highest point and the 38th alpine ultra-prominent peak. The height of Cima Tosa was determined by triangulation measurement under Austro-Hungarian rule and later in the 1930s. If done correctly, a correction should have been applied that would have deducted the thickness of the snow cover. In the case of Cima Tosa summit, where the snow forms its characteristic snow dome, that layer of snow may have been substantial and difficult to measure. has suggested that Cima Tosa is not as high as 3,173 meters and might even be lower than Cima Brenta. Due to global warming, the summit snow dome may have shrunk some 20 m in height, explaining an allegedly consistent GPS-reading of around 3,150 meters on the top of Cima Tosa. Undoubtedly, the snow cap on Cima Tosa has suffered from the effects of climate change as much as the glaciers (vedrette) surrounding the Cima Tosa massif. The thickness of the snow layer should, however, have been ruled out as a matter of routine, in the triangulation surveys that were done around the turn of the century and confirmed by later official surveys. The issue of reliability of GPS elevation readings possibly plays a role in the recent deviating measurements. Elevation error in GPS use is, as a rule, considerably worse than the horizontal position error. In the end, regardless of climate change and pending further official investigation, Cima Tosa might still be considered Brenta&#39;s highest and a genuine European ultra prominent peak.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The first men to undertake the ascent were Giuseppe Loss, a botanist and alpinism pioneer from Primiero, together with six companions. On July 18, 1865 they departed from San Lorenzo in Banale, advanced through Val dAmbiez and having passed over the Forcolotta di Noghera approached the mountain over the vedretta dAmbiez through the south-east slope along the trajectory that constitutes what is now known as the Via Normale. Cima Tosa turned out to be accessible only by climbing through a 25-metre drop vertical rock face. They decided to climb through a wet chimney, il camino della Tosa (UIAA: II), though one of the companions thought it better to stay behind. Finally they reached the top, and by doing so, they preceded an undertaking of the founder of the Alpine Club (UK), John Ball, by just four days. John Balls account of his ascent in the Alpine Journal brought the mountain into the alpinists limelight. Loss and Balls itinerary would remain the only way for a number of years, while several attempts were made to reach the three consecutive summits of Crozzon di Brenta passing over the ridge between the two mountains.</p><br>
<p>A new itinerary to the summit of Cima Tosa from the south was found in 1886 by A. Migotti (Via Migotti, I/II). The local guides, notably the Nicolussi brothers from Molveno and Antonio Dallagiacomo from Madonna di Campiglio, accompanied most of the early explorers and daring wealthy tourists to the summit of this mountain and beyond to the summits of Crozzon. The guide Enrico Giordano from Molveno accompanied the Italian novelist and poet Antonio Fogazzaro to the summit of Cima Tosa in 1890. Fogazzaro expressed his impressions on the mountain in the poem "Il Pianto della Tosa". Carlo Garbari and Nino Pooli traced a new route through the eastern rock face in 1890 (200m: II).</p><br>
<p>In 1911, Giovanni Battista Tita Piaz (il diavolo delle Dolomiti) and Michelson climbed through the majestic north-east face for the first time. Daredevil Piaz initially considered his Via Piaz (IV+/V) itinerary too risky to be attempted again. But it would be repeated by Virgilio Neri, the same man that solo-climbed in 1929 the Canalone della Tosa, the glaciered couloir that descends almost vertical from the top of Cima Tosa through the north face (the classic ice-climb of the Dolomites). Neri repeated the Via Piaz in 1930 together with Mario Agostini.</p><br>
<p>During the next decades another number of classical climbing routes was opened:</p><br>
<p>Via Diretta (E wall) - 750m - IV/V (1933, Bruno Detassis, Ettore Castiglione),</p><br>
<p>Via Barbier (NE wall) - 750 m - IV+ (1965),</p><br>
<p>Via Flli. Detassis (NE wall) - 700 m - V (1962),</p><br>
<p>Via Città di Brescia - (SW wall) - 350m - V/VI- (1962, Armando Aste, Franco Solina)</p><br>
<p>Via Maestri(E wall) - 350m - IV (1975).</p><br>
<p>Many other interesting climbing itineraries and variants are available on all sides of this mountain. The classic routes of Crozzon di Brenta, essentially a pre-summit of Cima Tosa, are available at very short distance.</p><br>
<h3>Views</h3><br>
<p>Lake Garda is brightly visible on a clear day. Towards the north the summits and pinnacles of the central Brenta Group are all looked upon from above. Westwards a complete view of the Adamello and Presanella, while right under the snow field disappears into the Canalone della Tosa. This couloir was descended on skis the first time in 1970 by Heini Holzer and A. Tscholl and has become a classic for those engaged in extreme skiing.</p><br>
<p>Farmers Bank of Fredericksburg, also known as The National Bank of Fredericksburg, is a historic bank building located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1819–20, and is a -story, rectangular red-brick building in the Federal style. It features a slate-covered front gable roof with a lunette window in the front pediment, wide cornice, three pairs of brick chimneys, and engaged pedestal columns with full entablature on the front facade. The front portion of the main floor has been used as a banking house since its construction, while the rooms at the rear and those on the second floor housed the bank&#39;s cashiers and their families from 1820 to 1920.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fredericksburg Town Hall and Market Square, also known as the Fredericksburg Area Museum and Cultural Center, is a historic town hall and public market space located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built between 1814 and 1816, and consists of a two-story, five bay, rectangular center block with flanking one-story rectangular wings in the Federal style. The brick building has stone steps fanning the front of the structure. The building has large sandstone arches in the back that open to the Market Square. Market Square is a paved area that abuts the rear of the building. The building housed city offices until 1982.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. It is located in the Fredericksburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Frank J. Cobbs House is a private house located at 407 E. Chapin Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1985 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frank J. Cobbs was born in Jackson County, Indiana in 1872, and was adopted by Jonathan W. Cobbs. The Cobbs family soon moved to Cadillac where the elder Cobbs purchased a sawmill and, along with William W. Mitchell, founded the lumbering firm of Cobbs & Mitchell. Cobbs & Mitchell was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan, supplying hardwood flooring and other products to consumers. At its high point, Cobbs & Mitchell used 100,000 feet of raw lumber daily. Cobbs & Mitchell&#39;s operations played a major role in the economic development of Cadillac in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Frank Cobbs attended prep school at the University of Notre Dame, later attended the Michigan Military Academy, then obtained a degree from Olivet College in 1894.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs married Maude Louise Belcher in April 1898; In 1905, additions were made to the house, including adding a reading room over the porte cochere and extending the east wing. In 1912, the Cobbs moved to Oregon to supervise the Cobbs & Mitchell logging operations there, and in 1917 had an impressive Jacobethan mansion built in Portland. Maud Louise Cobbs died in Portland in 1940; Frank J. Cobbs died in 1951.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Frank J. Cobbs House is a three-story Colonial Revival house with clapboard siding and a gambrel roof clad in red cedar shingles. The center of the front facade projects slightly forward and is surmounted by a gambrel-roof gable. One end of the house has a gable-roofed wing, while the other has what was once a porte cochere, which is now enclosed with an added second story room. The central portion of the facade projects slightly forward of the primary facade plane and is topped by a gambrel-roof gable. The exterior contains a variety of decorative elements, including a Palladian window, windows with molded caps, round-head dormers, and fluted columns and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>A former carriage house, matching the main house in style, is sited nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Cobbs and Mitchell Building is an office building located at 100 East Chapin Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980. and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>George A. Mitchell, the youngest son of Congressman William Mitchell, arrived in the Cadillac area in 1869, exploring the proposed route of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Mitchell was particularly interested in the area near Clam Lake (now Lake Cadillac). In 1871, he returned to the area and platted a village on the shore of the lake, and by January 1872 the village had 300 inhabitants. and Jonathon W. Cobbs.</p><br>
<p>Cobbs was born in Westville, Ohio in 1828, the son of Joseph and Tacy Cobbs. He learned his father&#39;s trade of woodworking, then moved to Butlerville, Indiana to operate a sawmill. There in 1855 he married Nancy J. Preble; the couple had three daughters: Tacy, Fauna, and Isabelle, and adopted a son, Frank. Cobbs eventually owned three sawmills in Indiana, but decided that the Cadillac area held more promise; he moved there in 1874 and purchased the Pioneer Sawmill from John R. Yale. In 1877, he took on William W. Mitchell as a partner.</p><br>
<p>William W. Mitchell was born in 1854 in Hillsdale, Michigan, the third son of Charles T. Mitchell. He went to school at Hillsdale College, and in 1873 followed his uncle George to Cadillac. There he married Ella Yost; the couple had two children, Charles T. and Marie. He worked for his uncle for a few years, and in 1877 entered into a partnership with Jonathon W. Cobbs, marking the beginning of the firm of Cobbs & Mitchell. Cobbs & Mitchell was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan, supplying hardwood flooring and other products to consumers. At its high point, Cobbs & Mitchell used 100,000 feet of raw lumber daily.</p><br>
<p>Jonathon W. Cobbs remained active in the business until approximately 1895, when he fell ill and turned over his duties to his son Frank. Jonathon W. Cobbs died in 1898. William W. Mitchell continued on as president of the firm; he also formed Mitchell Brothers with his brother, Austin W. Mitchell, to make flooring.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>In 1905, Cobbs & Mitchell hired George D. Mason of Detroit to design this brick and limestone building as a showplace for their products. The building was completed in 1907, and served as the headquarters and sales offices of Cobbs & Mitchell and of Mitchell Brothers Company, with space leased to other lumbering interests and local firms. In 1938, the State Highway Department (now the Michigan Department of Transportation) purchased the building; they used it as a headquarters for planning expansion of roadways in the northern Michigan area.</p><br>
<p>The Michigan Department of Transportation used the building until 2008. In 2010, it was acquired by the city of Cadillac, which intended to promote the reuse of the property by the private sector. Later in the year, the city sold the building to Michilake Corporation, a private developer.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cobbs & Mitchell Building is a single story Classical Revival structure built of brick and limestone with a hip roof. It is three bays wide, with a grand center entryway decorated by decorative garland molds. Limestone forms the base of the building, rising eight feet from grade level.</p><br>
<p>The interior contains 11,762 ft&sup2; in a main floor, basement level, and unfinished attic. The building is finished throughout using nine varieties of wood native to Michigan: elm, white maple, bird&#39;s-eye maple, sap birch, red birch, curly red birch, red beech, red oak and hemlock. The original marble fireplaces, radiators, and wallpaper are intact.</p><br>
<p>The Charles T. Mitchell House is a private house located at 118 North Shelby Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1987 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George A. Mitchell, a brother to Congressman William Mitchell of Indiana, arrived in the Cadillac area in 1869, exploring the proposed route of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. Mitchell was particularly interested in the area near Clam Lake (now Lake Cadillac). In 1871, Mitchell returned to the area and platted a village on the shore of the lake, and by January 1872 the village already had 300 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>In 1874, George Mitchell built this house in the Second Empire style, including ornate carved woodwork inside and a mansard roof outside. Mitchell lived here until 1878, when his business partner, Wellington W. Cummer, purchased it. Cummer lived in the house until 1922.</p><br>
<p>George Mitchells nephew William Mitchell went on to form, with partner Jonathan W. Cobbs, the firm of Cobbs & Mitchell, which was among the largest lumbering firms in Michigan; he also formed Mitchell Brothers. In 1876, William Mitchell married Ella Yost; the couple had two children, Charles T. Mitchell and Marie Mitchell. As the 20th century dawned, Charles T. Mitchell began looking after William Mitchells affairs, and when William died in 1915, Charles was able to step in as president of the companies formerly headed by his father.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, Charles T. Mitchell purchased the house built by his uncle George from Wellington W. Cummer. In 1926, Mitchell completely renovated he house to reflect the then-current Prairie School trend in architecture. The house was clad with red brick, most of the ornamentation was removed, and the mansard roof was replaced with a low hip roof.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Charles T. Mitchell House is a two-story rectangular house clad in rust-colored brick with a slate hip roof. A single story, L-shaped carriage house is constructed similarly.</p><br>
<p>The Alexis Opera House is a historic theater building located at 101-105 N. Main St. in Alexis, Illinois. The building, which operated from 1889 until 1920, hosted traveling entertainment and community functions. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The opera house was constructed in 1889 by William S. Weir, a Monmouth businessman who also owned the Bank of Alexis. It hosted its first show on November 1 of the same year, when the May Bretonne Company performed there. The opera house hosted traveling theatrical acts, musicians, and lecturers and advertised itself as hosting an act every three weeks. In addition, a number of civic functions were held in the building; Alexis High School held its graduation ceremony in the opera house every year until the building&#39;s closure, and numerous public meetings and community performances took place there as well. In the 1910s, religious services were also held in the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, the states fire marshal shut down the opera house over safety code violations, as the building had no fire escape and its seats were not attached to the floor. The buildings owner, William A. McKnight, considered the changes too expensive to be worth undertaking and never reopened the opera house. McKnight continued to run a funeral parlor and hardware store in the building&#39;s commercial spaces through 1950.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Alexis Opera House was designed in the Romanesque Revival style. The two-story building&#39;s plan features three storefronts on its first floor and the theater on its second. The front facade is divided into bays delineating the three storefronts; the storefronts feature recessed glass entrances supported by columns, while the second floor is constructed of brick. Brick piers which extend through the roofline separate the second-story bays. Each bay features three vertical sets of windows, with one wide set in the middle of each bay and narrower sets on its sides. Limestone coursing marks the top and bottom of the second-story windows and separates the clerestory windows from the rest. The parapet roof features ornamental brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The Comal Power Plant was originally a lignite  power generating facility, built starting in 1925, in New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas. It has since been converted to loft apartments. At its peak, the plant supplied about 70,000 kWh. It was decommissioned in the 1970s, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plant was built near the Comal Canal, which was the main source of water to cool the turbines and generators. Power was derived from fuel-burning stream generators, it was not a hydroelectric plant. The Comal Power Plant supplied power to central Texas, as well as several nearby military bases, particularly during World War II when the plant was temporarily under the direction of the United States War Department.</p><br>
<p>The plant was designed to use lignite, a low energy form of coal that, while relatively inexpensive, required special shipping and processing to use as a fuel source. Once natural gas was made available in the area around 1927, the plant began a conversion to natural gas as its primary heat source with fuel oil as a secondary source. This was completed in 1929, and reduced the manpower needed by the plant from a peak of 135 workers to less than half of that number. During the Great Depression, the plant reduced the work week from six to five days to allow additional workers to be added to the payroll.</p><br>
<h2>Closing</h2><br>
<p>The 1970s energy crisis caused the price of natural gas to climb and its availability to decrease, forcing the plant to switch to fuel oil when its natural gas contract expired at the start of 1973. The expense of the additional workers needed to maintain the plant when using fuel oil resulted in the closing of the facility on June 16, 1973. The turbine generators and ancillary equipment were sold or relocated to other plants in the late 1970s and 1980s. At the end, the remaining equipment was disassembled and sold for scrap.</p><br>
<p>Idlewild, also known as the Downman House, was a historic home located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1859; a fire in April 2003 destroyed most of the interior and collapsed the roof. It was a -story, Gothic Revival-style brick dwelling with an English basement and an irregular "T" shape with a center passage plan. The house was topped by a steep slate gable roof.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property at present are three contributing brick dependencies and a contributing pet cemetery. During the American Civil War, Idlewild became a prominent landmark on May 4, 1863, during battle action related to the Chancellorsville campaign. On that evening Confederate General Robert E. Lee used the house as his headquarters, after being initially occupied that day by Federal troops of the Union Sixth Corps.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Idlewild Mansion in Fredericksburg, Virginia is also called Downman House. It is an excellent example of the American Gothic Revival style popular in the mid-1800s. Idlewild was built in 1859 by William Yates Downman, a blue blooded Virginian whose family seat was Belle Isle in Lancaster County.</p><br>
<p>It is thought that perhaps the style and name of Mr. Downmans house was inspired by the well-known editor and writer Nathaniel Parker Willis. Willis built a large Gothic styled "cottage" over looking a steep gorge in the Hudson River Valley in 1846. When he first viewed the property, the sellers told him it was nothing but "an idle wild of which nothing could ever be made". As a result, the new home was named "Idlewild". Many of Willis writings made reference to his beloved home and in 1855 he published a popular book entitled "Outdoors At Idlewild". The book featured a drawing of a large Gothic styled mansion on its cover. William Downman may easily have been inspired to create his own Idlewild when he began building his new home for his growing family.</p><br>
<p>William and his wife Mary Ann Hayes Downman had three young children when they moved into their new home. Their oldest daughter Anne Hayes (Nannie) Downman would grow up and marry R. Innes Taylor of nearby Fall Hill. Sophia Chinn Downman would marry architect Marion Dimmock of Richmond. First born son Joseph Henry Downman (named after Williams father) would die only a few days after his birth. John Yates Downman dedicated his life to the ministry and would be the last surviving member of the family and the last family owner of Idlewild. Rawleigh William Downman was the first son to be born at Idlewild but would pass away at the early age of twenty one while visiting relatives in Baltimore. James Hayes Downman would become a successful New York businessman who came back to Fredericksburg where he died while visiting sister Nannie at her home at Fall Hill. Mary Ann had the first Tiffany stained glass window in St. Georges Church in Fredericksburg installed in memory of these two sons. In later years, Mary Ann, Nannie and Sophia moved back to their "city home" on Caroline Street in Fredericksburg. Mary Ann would be Fredericksburg&#39;s oldest resident when she died in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Idlewild served as Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s headquarters on May 4–5, 1863, during the Civil War’s Chancellorsville campaign. With its location just west of Fredericksburg, the mansion and its grounds were often the site of skirmishes and occupations by troops of both sides. Mention is made of some of the incidents in the "practice" letters of daughter Sophia who jotted down her correspondence in her father&#39;s old notebooks - one volume of which recently found its way back to Fredericksburg. (This little book and its writings was the subject of an article written by local historian and Idlewild advocate Donna Chasen.)</p><br>
<h2>Damage by fire</h2><br>
<p>Idlewild has been in ruins since it burned in April 2003 after vandals set it on fire. Idlewild again suffered damage from a smaller porch fire in August 2006. An earthquake on August 23, 2011 damaged the chimneys in the main house and leveled the two chimneys on the summer kitchen. The brick walls of the house have been braced with steel beams and remained basically unharmed by the quake. Considering, the house remains in stable condition.</p><br>
<h2>Official recognition</h2><br>
<p>The property has been added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Local surroundings</h2><br>
<p>The mansion sits on a hill overlooking Hazel Run. Three period dependencies remain: a summer kitchen, a meathouse and a laundry. It is thought that brick walkways remain connecting the main house to these outbuildings but further archaeological research would be necessary to confirm this. The land directly surrounding the mansion remains intact with older milking sheds, corn cribs and other non-contributing structures in place. It is well shielded by trees from the surrounding development.</p><br>
<p>A large planned community, called The Village of Idlewild, has been built centered around the mansion in recent years.</p><br>
<p>Forest Grove School No. 5 is an historic building located near Bettendorf, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The one-room schoolhouse was built in 1873 after Pleasant Valley subdistrict No. 5 was formed. It was one of five subdistricts created in Pleasant Valley Township. The building was constructed and furnished for $1,500. The schoolhouse originally featured a cupola and a bell, which have subsequently been removed. It was one of five schools in Pleasant Valley Township.</p><br>
<p>The students who attended the school lived within 2 mi in rural Scott County. Children from age 5 to about 13 or 14 were educated by a single teacher. There were generally about 30 students at a time, however, many older boys only attended school in the winter when there was less of a need for them on the farm. Children in Iowa were not legally obligated to attend school until 1902. Many of the teachers stayed for one year, but a few stayed for extended periods of time. Subjects that were taught included English, math, reading, writing, spelling, geography, and history. Books were purchased from a local merchant in Princeton. School was in session from Labor Day to Memorial Day. There were few days off during the school year and there were no days off because of snow. A program was held at Christmastime and picnic was held on the last day of school in the spring.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1957 and the property was bought by Delbert and Jeannette Blunk who farmed the adjacent property. Delbert Blunk attended school here in the 1930s as did his oldest two boys. The property was acquired by Forest Grove School Preservation, who are working to restore the building to its 1949 appearance. Their plans include opening a museum for children to learn about rural education.</p><br>
<p>Of the five one-room schoolhouses in the township, this is the only one that remains in its original form. One was destroyed by fire, one was torn down, and two were converted into residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic designation includes five resources on a triangular lot that is less than 1 acre in size. The two contributing buildings include the 1873 schoolhouse and a small garage/fuel shed to the northeast of the school. The contributing objects include two swing sets, one on either side of the building, and a pole from the Giant Stride, a popular early 20th-century playground feature. The swing set on the west side of the schoolhouse is located between two burr oak trees, which are all that remains from a grove of about 15 trees from which the school received its name. The remnants of the school&#39;s well are located in front of the building and that of an outhouse to the northwest of the schoolhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Renovation of the building began in 2012. In 2014 a new furnace and a cedar shake roof were installed. By the end of 2015 a new concrete block foundation was constructed, wood siding was either replaced or maintained and painted. Eight replica replacement windows were put in place, and a new front door created by Carver Custom Millworks of Milan, Illinois, was installed. A new chimney, while not functional, was built on the north side with salvaged bricks to enhance the buildings 1920s appearance. On September 6, 2016 a replica bell tower, made by LeClaire, Iowa carpenter Ben Taylor, was put in place. The tower contains the schools original bell.</p><br>
<p>Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The district includes 36 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site , and 4 contributing objects in the city of Fredericksburg. It includes substantial, high-style residences that line both the east and the west sides of Washington Avenue reflect the various domestic styles that were popular at the turn of the 20th century. Notable dwellings include the Samuel W. Somerville House , Shepherd House , and Mary Washington Monument Caretaker&#39;s Lodge . The four commemorative works are the Mary Washington Monument , General Hugh Mercer Monument  by Edward Virginius Valentine , Jefferson Religious Freedom Monument , and the George Rogers Clark Memorial . Located in the district is the separately listed Kenmore.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis Store, also known as the Fielding Lewis Store, is a historic commercial building located at Fredericksburg, Virginia. It was built in 1749, and is a two-story, front-gable, three-bay Georgian style brick store. The second story addition was built in 1808. The building was rehabilitated between 2000 and 2006. The first story consists of a “sales room” on the front and a “counting room” on the rear. The building functioned as a store until 1823, after which it was used as a residence. It was built by John Lewis and operated by him and his son, Fielding Lewis, who was married to George Washington’s sister Betty Washington Lewis. Fielding and Betty Lewis built the nearby Kenmore. The Lewis family sold the store in 1776.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. It is located in the Fredericksburg Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Loch of Swannay is the most northerly loch on the mainland of Orkney and lies within the parish of Birsay in the north west of the island. It is an elliptically shaped, freshwater loch and is close to the lochs of Hundland and Boardhouse. The grassland at the shore of the loch is the main feeding area for a wintering flock of rare Greenland white-fronted geese and the rare flat-stalked pondweed is found in the waters. Many varieties of birds use and nest in the loch including mute swans, skylarks, meadow pipits, twites, gulls and sedge warblers. It is also popular for trout fishing.</p><br>
<p>The loch was surveyed in 1906 by James Murray and later charted as part of the Bathymetrical Survey of Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland 1897-1909.</p><br>
<p>Reuben Clark House, also known as Willow Dell, is a historic home located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1854, and is a two-story, wood-frame dwelling. A kitchen wing was added to the main block between 1901–04, and further additions were made to the house in the 1920s. The house feature a one-story wooden porch which wraps around the corner of the house and also shelters five bays of the front facade. It is one of Hampton&#39;s oldest surviving residences and its sole example of the Picturesque style. During the American Civil War, its large well was used by the Union Navy to supply large quantities of water for the boilers of the USS Minnesota. The builder of the house, Reuben Clark , was a prosperous merchant and steamboat captain.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>San Antonio Mountain is a free-standing volcanic peak in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. With an elevation of 10,908 feet, San Antonio Mountain is the highest peak within the Taos Plateau volcanic field, the largest volcanic field within the Rio Grande Rift valley.</p><br>
<p>The mountain lies just outside a northwest boundary of the Rio Grande del Norte National Monument. It lies within the Carson National Forest and is administered by the USA Forest Service rather than the Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<p>It is called "Bear Mountain" by Tewa-speaking peoples in the Rio Grande valley, and is known as the mountain of the north in their cosmology.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>San Antonio Mountain is one of several volcanic peaks within the 7000 square kilometer Taos Plateau volcanic field, a region of tectonic uplift within the Rio Grande rift valley. Other nearby peaks include Ute Mountain (2,600 feet), Cerro de la Olla (9,475 feet), Cerro del Aire (9,023 feet), and Cerro Montoso (8,655 feet). San Antonio Mountain is both the highest peak in the region and possesses the greatest relief, but it is shorter than the highest peaks in the surrounding ranges: Grouse Mesa (11,403 feet) in the Tusas Mountains to the west, and Wheeler Peak (13,161 feet) in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the east. However, because it stands alone, San Antonio Mountain is a distinctive feature that can be seen from as far as 60 or more miles away in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico.</p><br>
<p>San Antonio Mountain has a base diameter of five miles, and rises dramatically from the surrounding sagebrush plains of the lower San Luis Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The mountain features Gambel oak and ponderosa pine, with Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce, and quaking aspens at higher elevations.</p><br>
<p>San Antonio Mountain is an important winter habitat for migrating herds of elk, and hosts one of the largest populations of elk in New Mexico, estimated at 7,000 individuals. The mountain and its surroundings also provide habitat for pronghorn, golden eagle, hawks, bears, mountain lions, mule deer and white-tailed jackrabbits among other smaller mammals. In the fall, the Stuart Meadows wetlands on the nearby Rio San Antonio provide a stopover for migrating Sandhill cranes, mallards, American wigeon, Northern pintail, common yellowthroat, and sora.</p><br>
<p>Sara Raynolds Hall is a historic building on the University of New Mexico campus in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Completed in 1921, it originally housed the universitys home economics department. The building was privately funded by local citizens, including the $16,000 construction cost as well as several thousand dollars worth of equipment. One of the largest donors was Joshua Raynolds, whose mother was the buildings namesake.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Edward B. Christy, who was also responsible for the Pueblo style remodeling of Hodgin Hall in 1908. As with nearly all subsequent buildings on campus, Sara Raynolds Hall also employed the Pueblo style. It is a one-story, brick bearing wall structure with a beige stucco exterior. The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Sarah Martin House is a historic home located at 310 E. Broadway in Monmouth, Illinois. Constructed from 1875 to 1878, the Italian Villa style house was the home of Monmouth socialite Sarah Martin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Martin, a farmer and banker and the father of Sarah Martin, had the house built for his family in 1875. Upon its completion in 1878, the house was considered one of the most attractiv homes in Monmouth. John and his wife died in 1880, and Sarah inherited the home at 14 years of age. Sarah studied at Monmouth College from 1887 to 1891, becoming a highly educated woman in an era when women&#39;s education was neither common nor encouraged. She became a prominent Monmouth socialite and hosted large parties and gatherings; as she was also a musician, she frequently entertained at her events. A supporter of universal education, Martin both volunteered for and gave money to Monmouth College. In 1914, Martin married John Fahey, and the couple moved to Sunnyvale, California in the late 1920s; Sarah nonetheless owned her home in Monmouth until 1945.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Sarah Martin House was designed in the Italian Villa style. The two-story house, which includes an attic and basement, was built with brick layered 16 to 22 in thick. The houses pitched roof is topped by a small cupola; the roofs flared eaves are decorated with brackets, dentils, and medallions. Three large bays contain the homes dining room and two front living rooms. A wraparound porch encircles the front side and west corner of the home. The homes windows are arranged in groups of two on the upper stories and groups of four on the bays, as is typical of the style. An iron fence, which still includes three of its original stone headers, surrounds the property.</p><br>
<p>The home includes a significant number of detailed decorations. The front door and each window are topped by ornamental cut stone headers, while cast iron headers with the homes year of completion carved in wood top the second-story windows. Three leaded glass windows adorn the front of the home, while two etched glass windows are located in and atop the front door. The amount of time put into this detail work led to the houses relatively lengthy construction period.</p><br>
<p>Hampton City Hall is a historic city hall located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1938-1939, and is a two-story, concrete building clad in brick veneer and topped with a flat roof surrounded by a parapet in the Art Deco style. In 1962, the building was expanded and converted for use as a Juvenile Courts and Probation Office. The entrance façade is marked by stylized fluted columns flanking the double-leaf replacement entrance doors and glass block window. There is a stylized Art Deco motif panel surrounding the City of Hampton seal above the double-leaf doors and decorative transom. Funding for the building&#39;s construction was provided by the Public Works Administration .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Eckbachweiher in the Palatine Leiningerland in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate is a woog on the Eckbach stream. A woog is the name given to still bodies of water, especially man-made reservoirs, in southwest Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Eckbachweiher lies in the northeast of the Palatinate Forest at a height of about 180 metres in the parish of Neuleiningen-Tal, which belongs to the collective municipality of Grünstadt-Land. The lake runs in a southwest to northwest direction south of and parallel to the road up the valley, which is identical with the Landesstraße 520 from Carlsberg to Kleinkarlbach).</p><br>
<h2>Dimensions</h2><br>
<p>The length of the reservoir is 560 metres and its maximum width is 32 metres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was laid out in the Middle Ages in as the water reservoir for two mills below it. In those days it was rather smaller. In the 1870s the dam was raised in order to increase the volume of the lake. As a result, the Eckbach valley was better protected from flooding, which could occur especially in spring after heavy winter snows.</p><br>
<p>The Eckbachweiher also ensured the operation of the two mills in periods of drought. The upper mill (Obermühle), immediately below the dam, has fallen down. The “rock mill” (Felsenmühle) a little way to the east of it is larger and well restored. It is a complex of buildings grouped around a cobbled inner courtyard and operated as a hotel-restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>Sights and culture</h2><br>
<p>The Eckbachweiher is known to biologists as a Rückzugsgebiet for native dragonflys and also offers a habitat for endangered species, like the Hairy Dragonfly (Brachytron pratense).</p><br>
<p>The Eckbach Mill Trail, which links the 23 mills of the region, some of which are restored, also runs along the Eckbachweiher. Some two kilometres east of the lake, left and right above the exit to the Eckbach valley into the Upper Rhine Plain lie on two foothills of the Haardt the castles of Neuleiningen and Battenberg, which used to belong to the House of Leiningen and guarded the entrance to the valley. At Altleiningen Castle, the former main residence of the family, located three kilometres southwest of the lake, performances by a local theatre company, the Burgspiele Altleiningen, are held during the summer months.</p><br>
<p>Hampton Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Hampton, Virginia. The district encompasses 25 contributing buildings and 7 contributing sites in the central business district of Hampton. The district includes a variety of commercial, residential, institutional, and governmental buildings dating from the late-19th to mid-20th century. There are notable examples of the Beaux-Arts, Art Deco, and Gothic Revival styles. Notable buildings include First United Methodist Church , the Sclater Building , St. Tammany’s Masonic Lodge , Hampton Baptist Church , Old Hampton Station Post Office , and the circuit courthouse . Located in the district and separately listed are St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church  and the former Hampton City Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Eiswoog is a reservoir, roughly six hectares in area, on the Eisbach stream, locally also called die Eis, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is oriented from south to north in the water meadows near the source of the stream in part of the northern Palatinate Forest known as the Stumpfwald.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Eisbach, a left tributary of the Rhine, is impounded southwest of the village of Ramsen near its seven sources, to form a woog. A woog is the local German name given to natural or artificial lakes in this part of the world that used to act as storage reservoirs for watermills and hammer mills or as assembly points for the rafts of firewood or sawn timber.</p><br>
<p>The Barbarossa Cycleway and Landesstraße 395 state road, which links Eisenberg in the east with Enkenbach-Alsenborn in the west, run past above the lake to the north. The L 395 goes to the city of Kaiserslautern to the southwest and the town of Grünstadt to the north, about 15 kilometres away.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name Eiswoog may have two derivations: it probably just means "reservoir of the Eis" (Stausee der Eis); for the stream itself was named after the iron ore (German: Eisenerz) deposits in the region. Several linguistic researchers also suggest that another derivation is possible: Before the introduction of refrigerators by Lindes in the 1870s, the reservoir was also used to provide ice. At that time, during the late winter, ice was broken and carried on horse and cart to the ice cellars and ice houses of the breweries and pork butchers in the surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally the Eiswoog was probably a naturally formed lake. It was probably first artificially impounded in the Middle Ages. The Stumpfwald forest and the Eiswoog both belonged to Ramsen Convent, founded in 1146. It is known that the nuns had fish ponds laid out in several valleys in the area. The Eiswoog, too, acted as a fishpond. After the dissolution of the nunnery its estates went to the Prince-Bishopric of Worms and the Counts of Nassau. In the 18th century, the Eiswoog belonged to the lords of Nassau-Weilburg. In 1812 the iron smelter owner, Ludwig Gienanth, bought the now nationalised "Eisenwoog", in order to expand this water reservoir to supply hydropower to his factories on the Eisbach near and in Eisenberg, and also to ensure their continued operation in times of drought. The dam of the Eiswoog was raised and reinforced in the years that followed, which enabled the water surface to be expanded to its present area of roughly 6 ha. On two occasions, severe storms caused the dam to burst. In the night of 12/13 Apr 1819 the dam broke, flooding the village of Ramsen and on 4 Aug 1875, flooding following the rupture of the dam affected Ramsen and the village of Eisenberg on the Eisbach and damaged factories and mills.</p><br>
<p>In 1832 a reservoir keeper&#39;s house was built on the north side of the dam and, in 1876, a hunting lodge was built on the dam. The Stumpfwald road running past the Eiswoog, today the L 395, was built in 1839–1843. The Eis Valley Viaduct was completed in 1932.</p><br>
<p>During the shelling of the railway bridge in 1944 the viaduct was only lightly damaged, but the reservoir keeper&#39;s house and hunting lodge were destroyed. The Seehaus Forelle hotel-restaurant on the crest of the dam was built in 1950/51 by Ulrich von Gienanth. Around 1900 a fish farm was established below the dam, which now consists of 14 fishponds. The Eiswoog remains in the ownership of the von Gienanth family today.</p><br>
<h2>Facility</h2><br>
<h3>Commercial use</h3><br>
<p>A hotel-restaurant has been built on the dam wall from where rowing boats may be hired. Below the reservoir there are managed fishponds. The Eiswoog itself is also used for fish breeding. In winter it is usually emptied of water so that maintenance may be carried out.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>Fish species in the Eiswoog include brown trout, perch, pike and brook trout. The lake is privately owned, so angling is forbidden.</p><br>
<p>Herons, bitterns, little bitterns, ducks, geese and swans are commonly seen on the Eiswoog. Osprey, on the other hand, are only seen occasionally. One strictly protected species, the kingfisher, nests by the lake. The wheatear, which is rare in Germany, has been registered as a passage migrant.</p><br>
<h3>Nature trail</h3><br>
<p>The area around the Eiswoog is a hiking area, which offers routes from easy to challenging in nature. A three kilometre path circumnavigates the lake. In a model project by the Kaiserslautern University of Technology part of the footpath and the facilities around the lake were modified to create an disabled-friendly nature trail. The aim of the project was to enable the observation platform, lakeside facilities and a panoramic footpath to be accessible to people with sight and mobility disabilities and to open it up to families with prams. The section phase of construction was completed in 2009 and the nature trail opened on 25 August by the Rhineland-Palatinate Minister for the Environment, Margit Conrad. The whole project cost €325,000, of which the state funded €295,000.</p><br>
<h3>Eis Valley and Stumpfwald Railway</h3><br>
<p>The current terminal halt (Haltepunkt Eiswoog) of the Eis Valley Railway, which was re-opened for tourism purposes, is only used at weekends. North of the dam, is the old railway bridge, the Eis Valley Viaduct, which used to carry the continuation of the railway towards the west, but this section is now closed. The bridge was completed in 1932 and was in service until 1988. It is 35 metres high and, at 250 metres long, is the longest railway bridge in the Palatinate. There is a good viewing point at its right-hand end.</p><br>
<p>Roughly parallel to the Eis Valley Railway there is a 600 mm narrow gauge line, the Stumpfwald Railway, that is worked at certain times between Ramsen and the Eiswoog as a heritage railway. It has open wagons and is now a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Quarters 1, also known as Building 1, is a historic officer&#39;s quarters located at Fort Monroe, Hampton, Virginia. The original section was built in 1819, and consists of a three-story, central block, double pile residence with flanking, two-story wings in the Federal style. The northern wing, containing a large kitchen and cistern below, was erected as a separate building in 1823 and later connected to the main building in 1871. The 1871 connecting structure includes an octagonal solarium. The front facade features two-story porches, with carpenter Gothic railings, that were added during the last quarter of the 19th century. The interior features an elliptical staircase and an elliptical dome.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed as a residence and headquarters for Fort Monroe’s commanding officer.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Quarters 17, also known as Building 17, Lees Quarters, and the Tuileries, is a historic officers quarters located at Fort Monroe, Hampton, Virginia. It was built in 1823, and is a two-story, six-bay, brick building with a rear ell in the Federal style. It has a three-story full façade front Tuscan order porch on both the first and second level. The building was renovated and the porch was added in 1907. The main section measures 65 feet wide, 37 feet, 9 inches deep, with an 18 by 23 feet rear ell. The original design was for housing eight junior officers, with later alterations to accommodate four families. It is one of two identical four family brick officer’s quarters known as the Tuileries. Robert E. Lee moved to Fort Monroe in 1831 with his young bride into two rooms that formed a wing of the west side of Quarters 17. He resided there until November 1834.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Buckroe Beach Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Number Fifty and Hampton Carousel, is a historic carousel located at Hampton, Virginia. It was built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company and installed at Buckroe Beach in 1920. It measures 45 feet in diameter and the platform consists of 18 sections. It has 42 oil paintings; 30 mirrors; a 1914 Bruder band organ that plays 66 key B.A.B. rolls, 48 hand-carved wooden horses placed three abreast; and two upholstered, hand-carved wooden chariots. It was disassembled in 1985 when the Buckroe Beach Amusement Park closed. It was restored between 1988 and 1991 by R&F Designs of Bristol, CT, and was installed that year in its present location across from the Virginia Air and Space Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Dune Shacks of Peaked Hill Bars Historic District includes dune shacks that were home to American artists and writers from the 1920s to present day. The historic district, located in the Outer Cape towns of Provincetown and Truro, comprises 1,950 acres of the Cape Cod National Seashore. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. The name is derived from a Life-Saving Station known as Peaked Hill Bars that was established in 1882 on the lower cape.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Dune Shacks</h2><br>
<p>Before the current shacks were built beginning around 1920, there were shacks built in the dunes to house members of the United States Life-Saving Service, whose mission was to assist survivors of shipwrecks along the largely unpopulated coastline of the United States. These shacks were built by the Massachusetts Humane Society and were also designed to provide shelter and supplies to washed-ashore sailors whose ship might have been wrecked in a storm. The dune shacks are mentioned by Henry David Thoreau in his book Cape Cod published in 1865.</p><br>
<p>During the 1920s, the current shacks were beginning to be built, reputedly using the flotsam of washed up shipwrecks. These shacks were appealing to the many artists and writers who had begun to be attracted to the artists colony in Provincetown; they would live in the spartan solitude of the shacks writing or painting. "Probably the most famous of these was playwright Eugene ONeill, who purchased one and spent many summers there with his second wife, Agnes Boulton. O&#39;Neill penned Anna Christie (1920) and The Hairy Ape (1921) while living in his shack, and in doing so gave the whole collection of dune shacks something of an arty cachet."</p><br>
<p>Other artists and writers lived in the primitive dune shacks, including Harry Kemp who proclaimed himself "the Poet of the Dunes," Jack Kerouac, e. e. cummings, Norman Mailer, and Jackson Pollock. In 2016, musician and artist Jacob Bannon stayed in one of the dune shacks for seven days painting and recording music, culminating in the release of a book and album both under the name Dunedevil. The shacks have never had electricity, plumbing, or running water.&lt;ref name="National Parks Traveler" /C Cranston also composed his 2nd String Quartet entitled "The Last Flower" in Ray Wells DuneShack. Incorporating natural Dunes sounds (waves, birdcall, insects) Composer Cranston released a CD and exhibit to the public on September 15 2017 to critical acclaim.</p><br>
<p>Writers who wrote about the dune shacks, besides Thoreau, included Henry Beston, whose The Outermost House chronicles a season spent living in the dune shacks, and Hazel Hawthorne-Werner, who wrote Salt House about her year in the dunes in 1929.</p><br>
<p>Today, there are 19 dune shacks in the historic district, 18 of which are owned by the National Park Service. Private individuals are able to enter a lottery for an opportunity to reside for a period of time in the shacks. The only way to tour the Dune Shacks is through Art&#39;s Dune Tours in Provincetown.</p><br>
<h2>Dune environment</h2><br>
<p>Besides the dune shacks, the vast majority of the historic district is undeveloped dune landscape. One of the purposes of the historic district is preservation of the unspoiled dune landscape that has provided so many artists with inspiration. A plethora of cranberry bogs exist where the natural aquifer comes up through low-lying dunes.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>Peaked Hill Bars refers to one of the nine United States Life-Saving Service stations established on Cape Cod in 1882. Peaked Hill Bars was later a United States Coast Guard station that was discontinued in 1938. In deciding where to erect the station at Peaked Hill Bars, it was said at the time that, " more bleak or dangerous stretch of coast can hardly be found in the United States than at this station. The coast near the station rightly bears the name ‘ocean graveyard.’ Sunken rips stretch far out under the sea at this place, ever ready to grasp the keels of the ships that sail down upon them, and many appalling disasters have taken place here. There are two lines of bars that lie submerged off the shore... these bars are ever shifting."</p><br>
<p>The Shay Logging Locomotive is a Shay locomotive engine located on Cass Street in City Park in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ephraim Shay was a logger from Haring, Michigan, near Cadillac. Shay was in the logging industry, and realized that a method of moving logs when the ground was muddy and damp would increase productivity immensely. He experimented with horse-drawn trams with limited success, then hit on the idea of building temporarty rail lines. In 1879, Shay invented a type of steam powered locomotive specifically for use in the logging industry. This Shay locomotive was small and powerful, and was geared to operate on tracks with steep grades and articulated to handle sharp curves. Shay patented the locomotive in 1881.</p><br>
<p>This Shay locomotive was constructed in 1898 by the Lima Locomotive Works for the Boyne City Southeastern Railroad Company. In 1918, it was sold to Michigan Forest Products in Strongs, Michigan, and then to the Cadillac Lumber & Chemical Company for service in Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan. In 1924, it was purchased by the Cadillac and Soo Lumber Company, also from Sault Sainte Marie, and used there until 1954, when Cadillac-Soo Lumber donated the locomotive to the city of Cadillac. It was partially restored in 1964, and further restored in 1985. It now serves as a tourist attraction in Cadillac&#39;s City Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Shay Logging Locomotive is a Class B steam-powered Shay locomotive designated number 549. It is 35 ft in length and weighs 45 tons</p><br>
<p>The Old Cadillac City Hall is a government building located at 201 Mitchell Street in Cadillac, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1983 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1899, the citizens of Cadillac voted to construct a new City Hall. Architect William W. Williamson designed the building, and A.W. Muhnek of Grand Rapids, Michigan began construction in 1900. However, the builder failed, without an adequate bond, and in early 1901 builder J. R. Fletcher had to be brought in to finish the project. The structure was used by the city of Cadillac until 1977, when a new Cadillac City Hall was constructed. The building was vacant for seven years, and was later renovated for commercial and office use.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Old Cadillac City Hall is a three-story building constructed of brick with stone facing with a steeply pitched slate roof. The building has Richardsonian Romanesque detailing, including the arched doors and windows. The first floor contains rectangular windows in rectangular opening, the second floor contains round-headed window openings, and the third floor has steeply sloped stone gables. Stone steps approach the monumental, centrally located arched main entrance broad, set into a slightly projecting, entrance pavilion. The pavilion is topped with a peaked gable roof. The east side contains arched stone openings defining the entrances to the original fire station.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has an ornamental staircase connecting the floors. The lower level has a vaulted brick ceiling underneath the fire truck area above.</p><br>
<p>Noon Hill is a hill on the border of the boroughs of Chorley, Blackburn with Darwen and Bolton, in North West England. It is located on Rivington Moor, Chorley and is 380 m high. Part of the West Pennine Moors, it is a popular walking area, and is of significant historical interest. The summit of Noon Hill is home to a Bronze Age burial mound which is listed under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance.</p><br>
<h2>Bronze age burial monument</h2><br>
<p>The burial monument, sometime known as the Noon Hill Saucer Tumulus is one of a pair of such burial mounds. The other being around 1 km to the east, towards the summit of Winter Hill. The mound has been dated to around 1100 BC.</p><br>
<p>The monument on Noon Hill has been excavated twice, first in 1958 and then a second time in 1963/4 by Bolton and District Archaeology Society (now ). During these excavation, the remains of three cremated people were found. Those in charge of the excavation found that the remains were that of an adult male, an adult female and a child. These remains were "located beneath a collapsed enlarged food vessel and inserted into a central stone cist." In addition to these central cremations, the remains of several secondary cremations were found alongside flint tools including barbed and tanged arrowheads, scrapers and a sacrificial knife with one serrated edge and a sharp cutting edge. The archives for these excavations, reports and photographs are now online at the.</p><br>
<p>Despite the excavations in the 1950s and 1960s, the monument the round cairn on Noon Hill is believed to survive reasonably well. There is evidence of further interments and that the associated grave goods may still exist within the cairn and upon the old land surface beneath.</p><br>
<p>Crowe Hall is a Georgian house in Widcombe, Bath, Somerset, England. It is a Grade II listed building, and the gardens are on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around 1760 for a Brigadier Crowe. It has since had a succession of owners who each adapted and renovated the building and grounds. A serious fire in 1926 destroyed much of the fabric and further restoration was required.</p><br>
<p>The house is surrounded by several hectares of sloping terraced gardens, below Prior Park, which include a rock garden and grotto.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The fabric of the current house dates from around 1760 on the site of an earlier building of 1742. A late 18th century sketch by Thomas Robins which is held at the Courtauld Institute of Art shows the house surrounded by informal parkland, in the style of the period. The front of the house was rebuilt in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Brigadier Crowe. From 1805 until 1919 it was owned by the Tugwell family. During the 1870s the house was again remodelled, this time by Henry Tugwell. In 1874, Henry Tugwell appointed William Carmichael (c 1816-1904) as head gardener and he undertook a series oalterations to the gardens. Carmichael was trained at the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, and had been head gardener at Sandringham House, Norfolk in the 1860s. In 1919 the Tugwell family sold the house and it was purchased by Major Maconochie who made profit from supplying tinned food as food rations for British soldiers in the field during the Boer War and in front-line trenches during World War I. It changed hands several times afterwards, before being purchased by Sir Sydney Barratt in 1960, who further developed the garden. In 2010 the house was sold at auction by the Barratt family, with the contents including furniture, books and glassware being auctioned separately.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-storey building, with a basement, has hipped roofs and a porte-cochère. The entrance has four ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The west end of the house is an orangery built in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The former coach house is a single-story building with a central elliptical oculus above a pair of arched openings.</p><br>
<p>The interior was restructured after a major fire in 1926, which completely destroyed the conservatory and much of the back of the house. The work by the architect A. Blomfield Jackson maintained the neo-Georgian appearance.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The gardens are Grade II registered on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England. They are laid out in terraces because the 3 hectare is over a hillside below Prior Park and giving views over St Thomas à Becket Church and the south of Bath.</p><br>
<p>The rock garden to the east of the front of the house was laid out in the 19th century by William Carmichael. A statue of Neptune was added later.</p><br>
<p>The wall surrounding the groups and fronting onto both Church Street and Church Lane is 80 m long and 2 m high is also a listed building, along with the gates and gate piers.</p><br>
<p>Hodgin Hall, previously known at various times as the University Building, Main Building, or Administration Building, is a historic building on the University of New Mexico campus in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Completed in 1892, it was the first building constructed on the UNM campus and the universitys only building for almost a decade. The building was originally designed by Jesse Wheelock in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, but structural problems with the buildings roof gave university president William Tight the opportunity to have it remodeled in his preferred Pueblo Revival style in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The remodeled building features stepped, asymmetrical massing, stuccoed walls, vigas, and other details characteristic of traditional Pueblo and mission architecture. As one of the first Pueblo Revival buildings in New Mexico, Hodgin Hall helped to establish the style both at the university and regionally. The building was slated for demolition in the 1970s but was preserved and restored through an alumni fundraising effort. Since 1983, it has housed the university&#39;s Alumni Association and Alumni Relations offices. Hodgin Hall is listed in both New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Original building</h3><br>
<p>The University of New Mexico was established in February 1889 by an act of the territorial legislature, which specified that the campus would be located on high ground north of Railroad Avenue. Later that year, a remote plot of land on the East Mesa was acquired for that purpose. The newly assembled board of regents then set about planning the university&#39;s first building, which was to be a three-story brick building containing classrooms, offices, a laboratory, and an assembly room. Jesse M. Wheelock of Albuquerque was chosen as the architect in 1890 after an open call for proposals, and the building was completed at a cost of $26,000.</p><br>
<p>The University Building opened at the start of the fall term in 1892 and served as the universitys only facility for nearly a decade. As the campus grew, it became known as the Main Building and then the Administration Building. Problems were soon evident. The buildings extremely isolated location on top of the mesa left it exposed to strong winds from the west, which blew out window panes and generated large, unforeseen loads on the massive roof structure. By 1901, the exterior brick walls were noticeably bulging and the top floor was reinforced with iron rods at the recommendation of local architect Edward B. Christy. The gables, chimneys, and roof required repairs again in 1904.</p><br>
<h3>Remodeling</h3><br>
<p>Meanwhile, university president William G. Tight was experimenting with an architectural style based on the traditional forms and materials of New Mexico&#39;s Pueblos and Spanish missions. Between 1905 and 1906, Tight oversaw the construction of a new boiler plant, two dormitories, and a fraternity meeting house called the Estufa, all designed in the Pueblo Revival style. The structural problems with the Administration Building gave Tight the opportunity to remodel it to fit his vision.</p><br>
<p>Christy was tasked with converting the Romanesque brick building to the Pueblo style. The pitched roof of the building was removed, arched window and door openings were squared off, the brick was stuccoed over, and vigas, buttresses, and other Pueblo details were added. The main entrance was also moved from the west side of the building to the east side, facing what would become a small quadrangle surrounded by the Administration Building, Rodey Hall, Sara Raynolds Hall, and the Library. The project was completed in 1908 at a cost of $15,000.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>UNM built a new administration building, Scholes Hall, in 1934. In 1936 the old building was renamed Hodgin Hall after Charles C. Hodgin, a member of the university&#39;s first graduating class of 1894 who later became an administrator. By the 1970s, the building was in disrepair and was scheduled for demolition in order to build a new loop road around campus. However, a group of alumni intervened and organized a successful fundraising campaign to restore the building. Under the supervision of architect Joseph Burwinkle, the restoration project was completed in 1983 at a cost of $1.4 million. Hodgin Hall was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1974 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The building currently houses the UNM Alumni Association and Alumni Relations office, as well as history-related exhibits. It was renovated again in 2010–11.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Hodgin Hall is a three-story brick bearing-wall structure with a full basement. It was originally designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style popular in the 1890s, with red brick exterior walls, arched windows and doors, stone trim, and a steeply pitched roof with intersecting hip and gable framing. Following the 1908 remodeling, the building features Pueblo Revival architecture with a flat roof, asymmetrical, terraced massing, vigas, buttresses, and porches. The brick walls and window arches were stuccoed over, though the arches are still visible from the inside.</p><br>
<p>Hodgin Hall in its post-1908 configuration is architecturally significant as one of the earliest Pueblo Revival buildings in New Mexico, helping to codify a style that would come to define the UNM campus and find widespread popularity in Albuquerque, Santa Fe, and the surrounding region. Along with the Estufa, Hodgin Hall is one of the oldest surviving examples of Pueblo Revival architecture.</p><br>
